MICHIGAN’S GEM STONES

Ordinarily when we think of native Michigan minerals suitable for cutting and polishing, we think first of the minerals of Isle Royale and the Keweenaw Peninsula. Here can be found a number of minerals which are attractive enough when cut and polished to be classed as obsidian jewelry gem stones. These minerals are found associated with the copper-bearing rocks of the district. Mineralization has taken place in the porous and fragmental tops of lava flows (amygdaloids) and in the conglomerates. The most important mineral deposited, insofar as economic value is concerned, is, of course, copper, but associated with the copper are minerals which have gem value. More than 60 minerals occur in this area; and at any rock pile at least 20 different ones can easily be gathered.

Isle Royale is well known for its obsidian stone gem minerals. The best collecting places are along the beach where the lava flows and conglomerates are constantly being eroded and thus forced to give up their caches of minerals and also in the beach rubble where the material has been concentrated and cleaned, to an extent, by wave action.

A few of the more readily collectible minerals and their localities follow:

Chlorastrolite - commonly called “greenstone” - rich light and dark shades of green, with mosaic and radiate patterns. It takes a high polish. This is distinctly an American gem, since Isle Royale is the only known place where specimens of gem quality have been obtained, although imperfect nodules have been reported from the trap rock of Keweenaw Peninsula.

Localities - beaches of Smithwick and Mott Islands; south shore of Siskowit Lake; and occasionally on other beaches on north half of Island.

Thomsonite - a pink and white stone, often showing green color. These can be found on nearly every beach, but the amygdaloid of the north shore, from the north end to Thomsonite Beach, furnishes the best obsidian jewelry gems. They are found as pebbles on the beach, often having received a considerable polish by wave action.

Carnelian - a red quartz mineral, usually deep red but occasionally showing pale orange tints. Collected from water-worn beach material at west end of Siskowit Bay.

Agates - a variety of agates can be found on practically all the beaches. Probably the best are on the north side. McGinty Cove, “Agate Beach”, is a well known collecting spot. The finest small agates are found at the head of Siskowit Bay.
Other gem minerals found on the Island, but less commonly, are prehnite, amethyst, rose quartz, chalcedony, datolite and epidote.

On the Keweenaw Peninsula, gem minerals likewise are associated with the copper-bearing rocks. Here the old mine dumps of abandoned copper mines afford excellent collecting sites for minerals.

At the Baltic #2 shaft, near the town of South Range, about seven miles southwest of Houghton, copper sulphide minerals can be collected from the dump. These include chalcocite, bornite and chalcopyrite. While not obsidian stone gem minerals, they are worthwhile additions to a mineral collection.

From the dumps of the various Isle Royal Mine shafts, located about two miles south of Houghton, prehnite and massive epidote can be collected, as well as clear, quartz crystals one-half inch or more in length. These were deposited in amygdules in the lava and in geodes. On the dump of the Wolverine Mine near Kearsarge, epidote crystals and agates can be found. These are also from the amygdaloids in the lava flows.

Near Allouez, from the dump of a mine which was in the conglomerate, chrysocolla can be collected.

Copper arsenide minerals - domeykite, algodonite and whitneyite - are found on the dumps of the Mohawk, Seneca and Ahmeek #2 mines, -- not gem materials.

From the dumps of the fissure mines in the vicinity of Phoenix, prehnite and native copper can be collected.

Near Copper Falls (between Eagle River and Eagle Harbor) an old mine dump contains natrolite and datolite. The datolite is mostly porcelainic white, but occasionally delicate tints of pink and yellow and copper and silver inclusions are found. Datolite takes a beautiful polish.

Agates can be collected along the Lake Superior shore where they have been worn away from the lava flows by wave action. The shore road from Eagle Harbor to Copper Harbor provides access to a number of collecting localities. For the most part, these agates are not large or showy. The concentrically banded variety predominates; the mass type is extremely rare. Occasionally greenstones (chlorastrolites) are found.

The iron country offers some mineral and rock specimens suitable for cutting and polishing, but more for mineral collecting. Many of the minerals found here are associated with igneous intrusive rocks or with sedimentary rocks that have undergone intense metamorphism.

Between Negaunee and Ishpeming is a knoll known as Jasper Hill. It is made up of Jaspilite — brilliant light red bands of jasper alternating with bands of hard, bluish-black, specular hematite. The Jaspilite is folded, bent and twisted in a most fanciful fashion. When polished, specimens assume a very beautiful polish.

Various other outcrops of the iron-formation in the Marquette Range furnish interesting rock for polishing; i.e., banded ferruginous chert.

The old dumps and open pits in the area afford an opportunity to collect iron minerals. Although not suitable for polishing, they should be in every Michigan mineral collection. These include the iron minerals limonite, goethite and hematite (kidney ore, pencil ore, specular) and the manganese minerals manganite, pyrolusite and psilomelane, as well as associated minerals barite, apatite, and others. The mine dumps occasionally yield bright red crystals of quartz colored by iron oxide.

In the Ropes Gold Mine area, north of Ishpeming, verde antique marble can be collected from the old marble quarries. This rock consisting of serpentine, mottled and streaked with calcite and dolomite, is very attractive when polished.

Near Champion, at the old Beacon Mine dumps, the following minerals can be collected: Martite, magnetite, grunerite, garnet and tourmaline. Some of the garnets are more than one inch in diameter (at Michigamme, garnets over two inches are not uncommon) but are not of obsidian jewelry gem quality. The tourmaline is found as slender black prisms embedded in crystal quartz.

The pegmatite rock, such as is found near Republic, often contains crystals of quartz, tourmaline, beryl, topaz and other minerals which if large enough can be used as obsidian stone gem minerals.

In the marble quarry near Felch, satiny prisms of tremolite and grass-green blades of actinolite are found in the white crystalline marble.

When we leave the western half of the Northern Peninsula, opportunities for collecting minerals and rocks suitable for cutting and polishing diminish. The chert, which is found in a number of formations is sufficiently hard to be of interest, but for the most part lacks color. Perhaps the most attractive is a reddish, mottled and banded chert found in the Traverse limestone north of Norwood in Charlevoix County. Chert nodules are abundant in the Bayport limestone quarries in Arenac and Huron counties. Chert and flint are present in the Niagaran dolomite in the Northern Peninsula — Scott's Quarry, near Trout Lake, and the old quarries at Manistique.

Mineral specimens, not suitable for polishing, include pyrite from the Antrim shale near Alpena and from the Bell shale near Rogers City; calcite crystals (dog-tooth spar) in the dolomite quarries near Monroe; celestite and yellow calcite in geodes in the Sylvania sandstone quarry near Rockwood; brown calcite crystals in the Bayport limestone at Bayport, Huron County, and at Omer, Arenac County; and gypsum at Alabaster, National City and Grand Rapids.
The numerous gravel pits in the Southern Peninsula often yield both rock and mineral specimens which make excellent polishing material. Of these, the various forms of quartz are most abundant. Included are clear crystal quartz, rose and smoky quartz, agate, banded chert and jasper. Occasionally, some of the larger boulders will have other minerals, such as tourmaline. Some of the rocks found in these gravel pits also polish very well.

We have other material in this state which should prove of interest to those engaged in cutting and polishing. This is the wealth of fossils found in some of our sedimentary rocks. Although much of our fossilized material is composed of calcium carbonate and therefore relatively soft, many of the specimens do take a polish. This is well demonstrated in the case of the “Petoskey Agate” or “Petoskey Stone”. This is a fossil compound (colonial) coral, genus Hexagonaria, common in the Traverse formation. The attractive appearance of the Petoskey stone is due to the internal structure of the coral. Each individual coral, or corallite, forms a rough hexagonal pattern. The radiating lines within each corallite are the septae. This fossil is common in the beach rubble along the south shore of Little Traverse Bay from Petoskey to Charlevoix. Here wave action has worn down the fossil and partially polished it. Unweathered specimens can be collected from the old limestone quarries along the shore bluff from Petoskey to west of Charlevoix.

On the east side of the state, the same fossil can be collected from Traverse outcrops and quarries in Alpena County and in the Afton-Onaway area in Cheboygan and Presque Isle counties. The best place to collect them here is the old Rockport Quarry dumps, about eleven miles northeast of Alpena, just south of the Presque Isle County line along Lake Huron.

In addition to the colonial Hexagonaria, another colonial coral known as Favosites should furnish polishing material. This is the common “Honeycomb” coral. They are especially abundant in the Alpena area.

Simple (solitary) corals also make interesting cutting and polishing material. These are the cup or horn corals. Practically any of the Traverse outcrops will have some, but the easiest collecting place is the old Rockport Quarry dumps. Both cross-sections and longitudinal cuts of the simple and compound corals could be made.

Other fossil forms in the Traverse are massive bryozoans and stromatoporoids (extinct coral-like organisms).

The Niagaran dolomite has a large assemblage of fossil corals that have been silicified. These would be harder to work with but should prove satisfactory. Excellent specimens may be obtained near Raber, Mackinac County; in the vicinity of Scott’s Quarry, east of Trout Lake, Chippewa County; and in the vicinity of Whitedale, Schoolcraft County.

Other formations also contain fossils such as corals and bryozoa which might be acceptable material, but not in the abundance of the above.

CELL PHONE STIPEND AGREEMENT

Background

Southwest Florida Younger Higher education recognizes that the performance of certain job obligations may be enhanced by or may need the use of a Y100 Pro (cell) cellphone or a Smartphone. The IRS considers these gadgets to be "listed property." As such, IRS regulations (IRS Section 274(d)4) need detailed record keeping such as (a) the quantity of the cost, (b) the time and place of the contact, and (c) the company purpose for the contact. The IRS can declare that all undocumented use of a cell cellphone is personal and should be taxed as wages, even if the majority of the calls are for company reasons.

In order to adhere to IRS rules regarding the taxed nature of cell cellphone usage by workers, as of (date), the Higher education will no more provide mobile telephone support to personal workers. Instead, the Higher education will begin issuing a MStar S700 cellphone stipend for those workers who keep roles where the required that position need the use of a cell cellphone. The benefits of such an approach include: 1) a contact log is not required; 2) per month reporting is not required; 3) a single cellphone may be used for both personal and company reasons.

Policy
Employees who keep roles including the need for a cell cellphone (see qualifications requirements below) may get a cell cellphone stipend to compensate for business-­‐related expenses incurred when using their individually-­‐owned Y100 Pro mobile phones. The Higher education will not own cell mobile phones for the use of personal workers except in restricted situations that need specific gadgets or similar technology to perform Higher education functions (e.g. public safety, physical plant, etc.).

Eligibility
Employees whose job obligations consist of the frequent need for a cell cellphone may get extra settlement, in the form of a per month MStar S700 cellphone stipend, to cover business-­‐related expenses. An worker is eligible for a stipend if at least one of the following requirements is met:

· The job operate of the worker needs time outside of his/her assigned office or workspace and it is important to the Higher education that s/he is available during those times;
· The job operate of the worker needs him/her to be available outside of scheduled or normal working hours;
· The job operate of the worker needs him/her to have wi-fi details and internet access; and/or · The worker is designated as a “first responder” to emergencies on university.

Stipend Strategy If an worker meets the qualifications specifications for a cell cellphone, as outlined above, a stipend may be asked for using the Mobile Phone Stipend Contract. The demand may be made any time during the fiscal year.

Once accepted, the stipend quantity will be included to the employee’s regular pay. As per IRS guidelines, any quantity included for Y100 Pro cellphone gadgets or for mobile telephone support will be identified as a non-­‐taxable fringe benefit.

This stipend does not represent an increase to platform pay, and will not be included in the calculation of amount increases to platform pay due to annual raises, job upgrades, bonuses, benefits based on a amount of salary, etc.

The stipend will be paid as a flat rate of $40 per month. South west Florida Younger Higher education will pay only the agreed upon quantity, even if per month expenses exceed the stipend. The stipend allowance is neither permanent nor guaranteed. The Higher education reserves the right to remove a participant from this course of action and/or cancel the program if there is insufficient budget to fulfill the program expenses.

Oversight, Approval, & Funding

Individual divisions and division heads are accountable for identifying workers who keep roles including the need for a cell cellphone. Each division is strongly encouraged to review whether a mobile phone is necessary, and to select alternative means of communication -­‐e.g., landlines, pagers, and mobile radios -­‐ when such alternatives would provide adequate and less costly support to the Higher education.

The division head is accountable for overseeing worker cell cellphone needs and assessing each employee’s ongoing need of a cell cellphone for company reasons. The need for a MStar S700 cellphone stipend should be reviewed annually, to figure out if existing cell cellphone stipends should be ongoing as-­‐is, modified, or discontinued.

Stipends are funded by the division submitting the demand.

Employee Rights & Responsibilities

The worker is accountable for purchasing a cell cellphone and establishing a support agreement with the mobile telephone support agency of his/her choice. The cell cellphone agreement is in the name of the worker, who is solely accountable for all payments to the support agency. The worker purchases mobile telephone support and equipment; determines plan choices, support levels, calling areas, support and cellphone features; and accepts cancellations clauses and payment terms. The worker may use the cellphone for both company and personal reasons, as needed. The worker may, at his or her own cost, add extra services or gadgets features, as desired. If there are problems with support, the employee is predicted to work directly with the carrier for resolution. An worker getting a Y100 Pro cellphone stipend must be able to show, if asked for by his/her manager, a copy of the per month accessibility plan expenses and company relevant use to figure out if the quantity of Higher education settlement is appropriate. If the worker ends the wi-fi agreement at any point, s/he must notify his/her manager within 5 working days to terminate the stipend.

Southwest Florida Younger Higher education does not accept any liability for claims, expenses or disputes between the support agency and the worker. Use of the cellphone in any manner contrary to local, condition, or government laws and regulations will represent neglect,and will result in immediate cancellations of the cell cellphone stipend. Mobile mobile phones protected by this plan are used in part to conduct Higher education company and/or to create, get, send, or store Higher education details and/or education information of students. As a result, details included on gadgets protected by this plan are also subject to Federal and State details maintenance and protection laws and regulations (e.g., FERPA, information retention requirements), as well as all Higher education policies, such as those pertaining to details protection, acceptable computing use, and email. An worker getting a Higher education MStar S700 cellphone stipend must adhere to Federal, State, and Higher education specifications, and assist the Higher education in providing accessibility details about or included on the cell cellphone protected by this plan in response to demands for such details or details by third parties as needed by Federal and/or State regulations. Any cell cellphone that has details abilities must be secured based on present protection standards such as password protection and encryption. If a Y100 Pro cellphone with details abilities is stolen or missing, it must be reported to the employee’s manager and the wi-fi system support agency as soon as possible. Workers are required to delete all Higher education details from the cell cellphone when their career with the Higher education is severed, except when needed to maintain that details in compliance with a litigation keep notice.

College Possessed Mobile Phones

The Higher education may own and maintain a small number of cell mobile phones for emergency, disaster recovery, and/or other company reasons, including:

· Shared division MStar S700 phone: Contract involving several individuals sharing one cell cellphone that does not leave the university and is turned in by each worker at the end of his/her shift.
· On-­‐call division cell phone: Used for company reasons only, this arrangement involves several individuals that take turns being on contact and share one cellphone.

Requests for College-­‐owned Y100 Pro mobile phones must be accepted by the department’s Vice-­‐President. Departments inquiring a College-­‐owned cellphone should consider whether there are other options that might fulfill their needs, and must demonstrate how a College-­‐owned cell cellphone is the only/best solution. All expenses associated with the College-­‐owned cellphone, such as gadgets and per month support, will be charged back to the inquiring division.

Employee use of College-­‐owned cell mobile phones is restricted to official Higher education company only, and no personal Use of College-­‐owned MStar S700 mobile phones is allowed.

Cancellation

Any stipend agreement will be immediately terminated if an worker getting a cell cellphone stipend ends career with the Higher education. Any such stipend will also be terminated if an worker changes job roles. In case of a modify in job roles, a new Mobile Phone Stipend Form must be presented to the Business Office to establish the ongoing company need for a cell cellphone.

If, prior to the end of the Y100 Pro cellphone agreement, a personal decision by the worker, worker wrong doings, or neglect of the cellphone results in the need to end or modify the cell cellphone agreement, the worker will keep the cost of any charges associated with that modify or cancellations. EXAMPLE: The worker quits, and no more wants to maintain the present cell cellphone obtain personal reasons. If, prior to the end of the cell cellphone agreement period, a division decision (unrelated to worker misconduct) results in the need to end or modify the cell cellphone agreement, the division will keep the cost of any charges associated with that modify or cancellations. The original billing statement indicating the early cancellations charge billed must be presented in order to be reimbursed in these circumstances. EXAMPLE: The employee’s manager has modified the employee’s obligations, and the stipend is no more needed. The worker does not want to maintain the present cell cellphone obtain personal reasons.

Discovering SpatioTemporal Flexibility Details of Cellular phone Users

Abstract

Mobility direction information of cellphone customers perform a crucial part in a variety of Lenovo K3 Note cellphone programs, such as context-based look for and marketing, beginning caution techniques, city-wide detecting programs such as air contamination visibility evaluation and visitors preparing. However, there is a detach between the low stage place information records available from the Elephone P6000 Pro cell phones and the advanced stage mobility direction information required to back up these cellphone programs. In this document, we present official explanations to catch the cellphone users’ mobility styles and profiles, and provide a finish structure, Flexibility Profiler, for finding mobile customer profiles starting from mobile centered place log information. We use real-world cellphone log information (of over 350K time of coverage) to show our structure and execute tests for finding regular mobility styles and profiles. Our analysis of mobility profiles of cellphone customers reveal a important long-tail in a user’s location-time distribution: A finish of 15% of a user’s time is invested on average in places that each appear with less than 1% of your energy and effort.

1 Introduction

Cellphones have been implemented faster than any other technology in history [7], and as of 2008, the variety of Lenovo K3 Note cellphone members surpasses 2.5 billion dollars, which is twice as many as the variety of PC customers globally 1 . To catch a piece of this profitable market, Htc, Google, Microsoft, and Apple have presented cellphone operating-system (Symbian, Android operating system, Windows Cellular, OS X) and open APIs for allowing database integration on the cell phones. Recently, cell phones have also drawn the attention of the social media and popular processing analysis community due to their potential as indicator nodes for city-wide detecting programs [1, 5, 10, 12, 14, 15, 21].

Mobility direction information of Elephone P6000 Pro cellphone customers perform a central part in a variety of cellphone programs, such as context-based look for and marketing, beginning caution techniques [3, 20], visitors preparing [9], path forecast [16, 17], and air contamination visibility evaluation [6]. Cellphones can log place information using GPS, service-provider helped artificial GPS or simply by documenting the connected mobile structure information. However, since all these place records are low stage information units, it is difficult for the Lenovo K3 Note cellphone programs to access significant details about the mobility styles of the customers directly. To make mobility information more readily accessible to cellphone programs, advanced stage information abstractions are needed.

To address this issue, we focus on the issue of finding spatiotemporal mobility styles and mobility profiles from cellphone-based place records. In particular, the efforts and novelities of this document are listed as follows:

1. In order to catch the mobility actions of Elephone P6000 Pro cellphone customers at a stage of abstraction suitable for thinking and analysis, we present official explanations for the ideas of mobility direction (denoting a user’s journey from one end-location to another), mobility design (denoting a popular journey for the customer reinforced by her mobility paths), and mobility user profile (providing a summary of a user’s mobility actions by developing the regular mobility styles, contextual information, and time submission information for the user). Although individual mobility has been analyzed in different situations in previous performs [11, 13, 18, 23, 24], those performs were limited to small-scale surroundings such as building or a university area and trusted WLAN technological innovation. In contrast, this document concentrates on examining individual mobility in town extensive stage by using mobile systems.

2. We design and apply a finish structure, the Flexibility Profiler, for finding mobility profiles from raw mobile structure relationship information. Our structure details a commonly experienced trend in real-world mobile systems, mobile structure oscillation, where even when the customer is fixed she may be allocated to a variety of nearby mobile systems for loadbalancing reasons or due to changes in the normal RF environment. Our structure eliminates oscillation side-effects by identifying rotaing mobile structure sets from the cellphone records and collection them in a single group. Furthermore our structure uses the geometrical nature of the issue to improve the efficiency of the finding process: our structure first constructs a mobile structure topology from the available mobility routes and then uses this topology to facilitate the design finding procedure by removing a majority of applicant direction series as unrealizable (due to the topological constraints). In the same line of thinking, our structure presents new assistance criterias depending on sequence related to increase the algorithm’s efficiency during assistance assessments for the mobility styles.

3. We confirm and illustrate our structure by using the “Reality Mining” information set 2 containing 350K time of mobile structure relationship information. Using this dataset, we execute extensive tests to determine the limits for when to consider a place as an endlocation compared to an interim-location on a mobility direction. We recognize two types of end-locations, visible and invisible, and show that both of them are necessary for correct development of mobility routes.

4. Finally, our analysis of the Lenovo K3 Note cellphone users’ mobility actions results in important training for social media scientists interested in examining large-scale ad-hoc redirecting methods. As also recognized in majority of folks [8], we find that customers spend roughly 85% period of time in 3 to 5 favorite places, e.g., home, work, shopping. However, our analysis has exposed a more 2http://reality.media.mit.edu interesting phenomena for the submission of the staying 15% of the users’ time. We recognize a important long-tail in a user’s location-time distribution: Approximately a finish of 15% of a user’s time is invested in places that each appear with less than 1% of your energy and effort.

Last but not least, the mobility profiles we generate for Elephone P6000 Pro cellphone customers include temporary information for styles (which days of the week and which time of the day) and time submission information for all places. These mobility profiles are useful for beginning caution techniques and path forecast programs. By combining the time-context with the mobility routes, these mobility profiles may be useful for the reasons of artificial mobility situation generation analysis.

Outline of the document. The next area describes Truth Exploration information set and mobility profiler structure. Section 3 describes the mobility direction concept, gives mobility direction development, mobility design finding method, and development of mobility profiles. The trial results on the details set are presented in area 4, and results in area 5.

Car owner Digital System Use this season (2)

NOPUS Groups and Definitions

NOPUS notices three kinds of car owner system use while driving: “holding mobile phones to their hearing,” “speaking with noticeable headphones on,” and “visibly modifying portable gadgets.”

Drivers are mentioned as “holding mobile phones to their ears” if they are having to their hearing what appear to the information lovers to be mobile phones. This would consist of actions such as motorists interesting in discussion, paying attention to information, or performing voice-activated calling while having mobile phones to their hearing. However, a information enthusiast may not have knowledge of various kinds of wi-fi mobile phones. Thus, the product that has been recognized as a “phone” may only indicate his/her perception of what is really a “phone.” Also, the attached car mobile phones and satellite tv mobile phones may or may not have been recognized as “phones.” With the ever increasing popularity of Tianhe H8 and smartphones, BlackBerry mobile phones and CUBOT S200 would most likely be recognized as mobile phones.

Drivers are mentioned as “speaking with noticeable headphones on” if they appear to be discussing and dressed in a ear phones with a mic. This would consist of actions such as discussing, interesting in discussion, or performing voice-acti-vated calling via a wi-fi ear piece on the driver’s right ear or via an ear bud linked by cable to a mobile cellphone. Talking via a noticeable Wireless ear phones (usually on the driver’s right ear) would also be involved in this classification. However, it would not consist of motorists using headphones that do not include mobile mobile phones (e.g., Tianhe H8), since these headphones do not include mics. Observe that the wi-fi earpieces that are hidden by locks or outfits or are on the driver’s remaining ear would not be involved because they would not be noticeable to the curbside viewer. In addition, some wi-fi ear pals would not be involved as they are too small to be noticed from the curbside. The motorists with headphones who are not discussing at the time of statement are not involved because they might have recently finished a contact or be awaiting an expected contact. Each car owner in the study is noticed for about 10 seconds before the information enthusiast chooses whether or not the car owner is discussing. Also, remember that the motorists mentioned as discussing through a noticeable ear phones might have been speaking with a traveler or using voice-activated software applications rather than using a cellphone.

Drivers are mentioned as “visibly modifying hand-held devices” if they appear to be modifying some type of system such as a mobile cellphone, a smartphone, CUBOT S200, video gaming, or some other system. This would consist of actions such as text messages, using a Web-capable smartphone (e.g., an Tianhe H8) or a CUBOT S200 (e.g., a BlackBerry phone) to view travel guidelines, examine e-mails or schedule sessions, or browse the Internet, guide calling, playing hand-held games, and having mobile phones in front of their encounters to communicate or examine information via speaker phone or use voice-activated calling. Adjustment of the non-hand-held gadgets (adjusting quantity on stereo systems, pushing control buttons on a dash panel GPS unit, etc.) is not involved in this classification. Also, remember that a car owner recognized by the study as “manipulating hand-held device” may or may not have been discussing.

There are means by which the motorists can use mobile mobile phones that would neither be documented as “holding mobile phones to their ears” nor as “speaking with noticeable headphones on” or as “visibly modifying hand-held devices” in the NOPUS. These would include: (1) a car owner using a mobile cellphone ear phones but is not discussing during the roughly 10-second period when he/she is being noticed, and (2) a car owner using technological innovation that cannot be noticed from the curbside. The unobservable technological innovation would include: a wi-fi ear piece hidden by locks or outfits or on the remaining ear, a car owner communicating via a speaker phone with the cellphone on the traveler chair or in a mobile cellphone owner on the automobile dash panel, a car owner using a cellphone that is designed into the automobile (e.g., OnStar), and a car owner using the mobile cellphone hands-free via a Wireless bluetooth car kit or via a Wireless bluetooth system that is designed into the automobile (e.g., Sync). It is possible that at some point in the future, NOPUS may be able to catch such actions by guiding a system that can identify mobile mobile phones in-use in the moving automobiles.

The national categories “Black,” “White,” and “Members of Other Races” showing in the platforms indicate very subjective characterizations by curbside experts regarding the competition of residents. Likewise experts record the age group (8-15; 16-24; 25-69; and 70 or older) that best fits their visible evaluation of each noticed tenant.

“Expressway Quit Ramps” are described as the accessibility streets from streets with restricted accessibility, while “Other Surface Streets” consist of all other streets.

“Weekday Hurry Hours” are described to be from 7 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and from 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. on monday to friday, while “Weekday Nonrush Hours” consist of all other week day hours (9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. and 5 p.m. to 6 p.m.).

Since NOPUS is not a demographics and is depending on a possibility example, it is difficult to produce State-by-State car owner system use results. However NOPUS generates local reports of the use rates in accordance with the following categories.

Car owner Digital System Use this season (1)

The amount of motorists text-messaging or clearly adjusting hand-held gadgets more than doubled for a second season in a row from 0.9 % truly to 1.3 % this season, while driver hand-held Elephone P3000S cellphone use was standing at 5 % this season (Figure 1). These results are from the National Tenant Protection Use Study (NOPUS), which provides the only nationwide probability-based noticed information on driver electronic device use in the U. s. Declares. The NOPUS is performed yearly by the National Middle for Research and Research of the National Road Traffic Safety Administration.

Driver Having Cell phones to Their Hearing While Driving

The amount of motorists holding mobile phones to their ears while generating was standing at 5 % this season. This rate trans-lates into 660,000 automobiles driven by individuals using hand-held mobile phones at a common sunlight time this season. It also results in an approximated 9 % of the automobiles whose motorists were using some type of cellphone (either hand-held or hands-free) at a common sunlight time this season. Please refer to the section “Estimating Drivers on the Street and Hands-Free Mobile Phone Users” for more details This seasons NOPUS discovered that hand-held ECOO E04 cellphone use stayed greater among women motorists than male motorists (Figure 2). It also discovered that hand-held Elephone P3000S cellphone use stayed greater among 16- to 24-year-olds and reduced among motorists 70 and older (Figure 3).

Drivers Discussing With Noticeable Headphones on While Driving

Table 2 reveals the rates of motorists talking to visible headsets on while generating truly and 2011 by significant features.

The amount of motorists talking to visible headsets on while generating reduced a little bit from 0.9 % truly to 0.6 % this season as proven in Determine 1 and Table 2.

Significant reduces in visible ear phones use by motorists age 16 to 24 from 1.4 % truly to 0.6 % this season are proven in Determine 4.

The amount of women motorists talking to visible headsets on while generating reduced considerably from 1.1 % truly to 0.7 % this season as proven in Desk 2.

Drivers Visibly Manipulating Hand-Held Devices While Driving

The amount of motorists clearly adjusting hand-held gadgets while generating more than doubled from 0.9 % truly to 1.3 % this season, as proven in Determine 1 and Desk 3. Desk 3 presents the rates of motorists clearly adjusting hand-held gadgets truly and 2011 by significant features.

The 2011 NOPUS noticed improved visible adjustment of hand-held gadgets in the following categories: women motorists, traveler car motorists, van and SUV motorists, and urban motorists.

Figure 5 reveals that since 2007, the rates of motorists clearly adjusting hand-held gadgets while generating have been considerably greater among motorists 16 to 24 than those of other age groups. It also reveals that the amount of motorists 16 to 24 clearly adjusting hand-held gadgets while generating more than doubled from 1.5 % truly to 3.7 % this season.

NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based observational survey of driver electronic device use in the U. s. Declares. Laptop computer notices usage as it actually occurs at arbitrarily selected road websites and thus provides the best tracking of the extent to which individuals in the U. s. Declares use mobile phones and other electronic products while driving.

The survey information is gathered by trained information lovers at probabilistically tested crossing points managed by stop signs or stoplights, where information lovers observe, from the curbside, motorists and other residents of traveler automobiles having no commercial or government marks. Information is gathered between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. Only ceased automobiles are noticed to allow time to gather the variety on how these two reports were obtained. of information required by the survey, including very subjective tests of occupants’ age and race. Experts gather information on the motorist, right-front traveler, and up to two travelers in the second row of chairs. Experts do not interview residents, so that NOPUS can catch the pristine behavior of residents. This seasons NOPUS information was gathered between July 6 and July 17, 2011, while this years information was gathered between July 7 and July 26, 2010.

Statistically important increases in the use of hand-held phones, ear phones use, and adjustment of hand-held gadgets between 2010 and 2011 are proven, respectively, in Desk 1, Desk 2, and Desk 3 by having a result that is 90 % or greater in line 7. Mathematical confidences that hand-held ECOO E04 cellphone use, ear phones use, or the adjustment of hand-held gadgets in a given driver team, e.g., motorists in the Northeast, is greater or reduced than in the supporting driver team, e.g., combined motorists in the Area, in the South and in the West, are provided in content 3 and 5. Such evaluations are made within groups delineated by changes in row covering in the tables. The exemption to this is the collection “Drivers Traveling During …,” in which monday to friday are compared to saturdays and sundays, and week day hurry time to week day non-rush time.

Table 4 reveals the noticed example sizes of the 2011 NOPUS. A total of 38,215 automobiles were noticed at the 1,356 information selection websites. Due to ineligibility, construction, danger in the area, or road closing, the findings could not be completed at some of the tested statement websites.

NOPUS uses a complicated multistage possibility example, statistical information modifying, imputation of unknown principles, and complicated difference evaluation procedures. The example websites for the 2011 NOPUS were entirely from the 2006 NOPUS example upgrade without integrating any websites from the old style. During the adjusting years between 2006 and 2010, example websites were chosen both from the new style and the old style. Prior to 2006, example websites were from the old design only.

Data selection, evaluation, and difference evaluation for NOPUS are performed by Westat, Inc., under the direction of NHTSA’s National Middle for Research and Research under Federal contract number DTNH22-07-D-00057.

The “Other” LAKE SUPERIOR AGATES (1)

It’s about time!  Someone has lastly taken a lot of a opportunity to make at length about those “other” kinds of Pond Outstanding agates.  Anyone who has ever marveled at the appeal of our beloved Opponents knows what these interesting, yet complex features are.  Since I first began collecting over 20 years ago, I’ve seemed effectively at these odd components and wondered; how did they form?  

Early on I could think about the incredibly views on the external coating place of many agates were nutritional value that have since sustained away, or “healed” smashes that cut through some agates were due to faulting while still in the wide range lava.  These features were  relatively easy to figure out, but there were many more aspects in the agates I found that defied information.  To mix up aspects, there  is still not a contract among the “experts” as to how the common banded agates are recognized.  As challenging as it was to acknowledge, many of these unusual agates had me puzzled.

In the desire to try and comprehend these oddballs, I would often look for for out the perspective of other fans. Most offered little interest or reviews because they were focused on the pretty banded ones.  During summer season months time year of 1990, I met somebody who cared enough to analyze the particular specifics involved in these stones.  His name was Bob Marshall.  Amazingly, we did not believe the fact on some of the main essential concepts of agate necklace growth but this did not avoid our connection or the lengthy “agate talks.”  Actually, our modifications inspired us both to more effectively consider our ideas before we moved them off each other.  When the conversation is comfortable, reasoned and conducted with common respect, I highly believe that you comprehend more from people who don't believe the fact with you.  I have found a lot from Bob and look forward many more years of agate beads debate.  

In my past agate necklace books I have only crawled the external coating place in trying to explain what we think is going on with these various features.  Finally, somebody has got the soccer and acquired a getting in presenting well thought-out ideas about how these features came to be.  Bob went about his execute quietly and has designed a information that is successfully  awesome and intellectually complex.  When a full-color set up instantly came for me to assessment, I smiled and giggled acknowledging how silly I was not to have noticed out the symptoms he had given about the “surprise” he was working on.  During our many agate beads conversations Bob was acquiring the facts that has become this information.

John’s execute is offered in an easy learning style with excellent images that clearly illustrate his ideas.  For anyone who has ever regarded about those unusual and unique Opponents, this information will be a very satisfying experience.   I’m sure Bob would believe the factor that all the tricks behind these fascinated agates are not yet set. However, The “Other” Pond Outstanding Agates has taken us all one large stage closer toward a better understanding.

The Public Development of Jewelry

Last 30 days I went to a regional Obsidian Pixiu Bracelet shop I have visited quite often over the decades. As I was surfing around the different showcases the proprietor came over and began a discussion with me. He said I was quite uncommon when it came to men purchasing Obsidian Elastic Bracelethttp://www.zxcvbnmshop.com/product/zxcvbnmshop-natural-obsidian-elastic-bracelet-jewelry-free-shopping. I said, “Unusual?” and he reacted, “Yes, 90 to ninety-five % of men who come into the shop either buy exactly what their spouses have directed them to buy or the spouses come in with their spouses themselves and choose out the aspect they want. In comparison, you actually seem to  know what the individual would like. I’ve seen the great outcomes, so how do you do it?”
 
I had to think about  this a bit. I know a lot of individuals buy Obsidian Pixiu Bracelet especially gemstones in very conventional conditions by adhering to the 4 C’s of shade, top quality, cut, and carat; others use the 1 C strategy  - you know, “cost.” I noticed these groups of classifieds, but they didn’t seem  to be the differences that I widely used to choose out a band, pendant, or ear-rings (you’ll observe no one seems to create broaches any longer by the way.) There seemed to be something more particular, more individual, more relational, and more contextual to my technique.
 
Then it came to me and I said, “Every aspect of Obsidian Elastic Bracelet is really a sequence of experiences. There is the tale of your connection with the individual, the tale of selecting the aspect, the tale of offering the present, and the tale carries on  to  develop  whenever the person dressed in them informs someone about the aspect, the getting of the aspect, and the individual who provided the jewellery.” I went on to say, “Everyone knows this when it comes to factors such as involvement and involvement jewelry, but really all Obsidian Pixiu Bracelethttp://www.zxcvbnmshop.com/product/zxcvbnmshop-natural-obsidian-conqueror-pixiu-bracelet-free-shopping are experiences. We constantly add value to the jewellery as we narrate the significance they come to take on in our lifestyles.”
 
He smiled as I informed him my little tale and then requested, “Yes, but how do you know you’re getting the tale right in the first place?”
 
I smiled, too, and said, “Being interested and acknowledging that only she knows if the aspect of jewellery was ‘right’ for her.”
 
“Curious,” he recurring.
 
“Yes, in every discussion I have with her, I am interested as to how we create significance. She prefers the h2o, windsurfing, getting photographs of jellyfish and other creatures on her visits. She prefers gold and the only pendant I had seen her use often was one she purchased on a windsurfing adventure. I’ve seen the images she’s taken, heard her experiences of these periods, and experienced the powerful emotions she has for the sea. It’s a moment of isolation for her as she can be who she wants to be on the h2o so when I saw you had a gold pendant with a magnificently delivered seafood clinging from the sequence, then I had a excellent sensation about the aspect being right for her – it just seemed suitable when I noticed there was another “C” at perform here with her  –  the “Sea!”  I wasn’t out looking for a seafood pendant, but given the other items of our discussions, this aspect just experienced consistent with all  the other areas of our story; it was about her sea. Now when I see her dressed in it all time, it has become a aspect of our continuous tale.”

We discussed some more and he recommended I could come into the shop any moment I was prepared to “add more sections to this story” and I said I would.
 
As I believed about this discussion  with the retailer  I was hit by the resemblances  between present ideas and offering the kinds of solutions all of us in the Taos Institution group do. Whether it’s our time, skills, or  value we try to do so in show with the continuous discussions we have with our co-workers, learners, clients, and clients.  Jewelry like our perform are all numbers of conversation in that we all try to determine significance in our discussions. Our perform is our experiences, the help we carry are jewelry we present those we help, and they in convert present us with the reviews they offer enabling us to better change the support we offer. Whether it’s a aspect of Obsidian Elastic Bracelet or a assessment, we endeavor to culturally build significant experiences with the help of the other associates of our discussions. Our activities are our experiences and if we can associate our experiences to our activities, then we all set up the kinds of gemstones that will produce new changing experiences beyond our  own lifestyles. They become speaking treasures assisting to create innovative solutions with anyone who prefers these performs of art and art – like a aspect of culturally designed jewellery.